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Anuttarayoga Tantra (Sanskrit, Tibetan: ''bla na med pa'i rgyud''),〔(anuttara-yoga-tantra ) Encyclopedia.com〕 often translated as Unexcelled Yoga Tantra or Highest Yoga Tantra, is a term used in Tibetan Buddhism in the categorization of esoteric tantric Indian Buddhist texts that constitute part of the ''Kangyur'', or the 'translated words of the Buddha' in the Tibetan Buddhist canon. In the New Schools of Tibetan Buddhism, ''Anuttarayoga Tantra'' is the highest of four classes and is associated with the Mahamudra route to enlightenment. According to the Gelugpa tradition, in Highest Yoga Tantra, the Buddha taught the most profound instructions for transforming sensual pleasure into the quick path to enlightenment, which in turn depends upon the ability to gather and dissolve the inner winds (Sanskrit: ''prana'') into the central channel through the power of meditation.〔''Mahamudra Tantra: The Supreme Heart Jewel Nectar'', page 20, Tharpa Publications (2005) ISBN 978-0-948006-93-7〕 In the classification of the Dzogchen system, used by the Nyingma, it is considered equivalent to the Mahayoga tantras.〔Dudjom Rinpoche, ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History'', Wisdom Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-86171-199-8. page 283〕 The Dalai Lama XIV states: "old translation Dzogchen and new translation ''anuttarayoga tantra'' offer equivalent paths that can bring the practitioner to the same resultant state of Buddhahood". The practice of Anuttarayoga Tantra in the Vajrayana tradition of Buddhism is characterized by the requirement of empowerment from a qualified guru, usually a lama, use of ritual techniques, and the practice of various meditative and subtle body yogas, to effect personal transformation and to attain enlightenment through the realization of the mindstream as a Meditational Deity, or a Yidam.〔''Mahamudra Tantra: The Supreme Heart Jewel Nectar'', page 20-21, Tharpa Publications (2005) ISBN 978-0-948006-93-7〕 According to Miranda Shaw, Anuttarayoga Tantra texts "have remained at the forefront of contemplation, ritual, and interpretation throughout the Himalayan Buddhist sphere". == Translation terminology == Anuttarayoga Tantra literally means 'Unexcelled Union Continuity'. While the term is frequently translated as 'Highest Yoga Tantra' in English writings, this is not quite accurate. The Tibetan term ''bla med'' (back translated to Sanskrit as ''anuttara'') is a negation of a comparative—not or none (''med''/''an''-) higher (''bla'' /''uttara'')—rather than a superlative. Had the authors of this term intended to indicate directly "highest," superlatives were readily available: e.g. ''mchog'' ("supreme" or Sanskrit ''uttama'', "highest"). Rather, they chose consistently to use a comparative rather than a superlative. Similarly, the terms used in Sanskrit also uniformly utilize comparatives: ''yogottara'' ("higher than yoga") and ''niruttara'' (also a negation of the comparative). English usage, and European usage in general, has largely overlooked this nuance. The literal translation of the Sanskrit term "Anuttarayoga" would be "Unsurpassable Union" in English. As scholar Isabelle Onians explains: "Yoginitantras are in the secondary literature often called Anuttarayoga. But this is based on a mistaken back translation of the Tibetan translation (''rnal byor bla med kyi rgyud'') of what appears in Sanskrit texts only as Yogānuttara or Yoganiruttara (cf. SANDERSON 1994: 97-98, fn.1)."〔Isabelle Onians, "Tantric Buddhist Apologetics, or Antinomianism as a Norm," D.Phil. dissertation, Oxford, Trinity Term 2001. pg 70〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「anuttarayoga tantra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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